Site and orientation
Build on well-drained ground away from standing water. Orientate the long axis of the house east to west so the sun does not shine directly into the sides during the hottest hours. Leave space between houses if you plan more than one.
Ventilation and heat
Heat is the main enemy of chickens in Botswana. Open sides with wire mesh, a good roof overhang, and a roof that reflects heat keep birds cooler. Curtains that can be lowered in cold weather and at night for chicks give you control. Never seal the house; fresh air removes ammonia and moisture.
Floor and litter
A solid floor, concrete or well-compacted earth, covered with a deep layer of dry wood shavings. Litter must stay dry; wet litter breeds disease and burns feet and breasts. Remove and replace wet patches.
Space
Overcrowding causes heat stress, disease and poor growth. Calculate floor space for birds at finishing weight. The government’s technical guidelines give the recommended stocking density for Botswana; use them rather than a figure from a cooler country.
Equipment for a small flock
- Feeders: enough that every bird can eat without crowding. Tube feeders for growers, shallow trays for chicks.
- Drinkers: clean water at all times. Chick founts for the first week, then bell or nipple drinkers.
- Brooder: a heat source (infrared lamp or gas brooder), a guard ring to keep chicks near the heat, and a thermometer.
- Litter, disinfectant, footbath at the door, protective clothing.
Predators and biosecurity
Wire mesh small enough to keep out rats, snakes and wild birds. A locked door. A footbath at the entrance and a rule that visitors do not enter the house. Wild birds carry Newcastle disease and avian influenza.